Plato s The Allegory Of The Cave - 1214 Words

In the ‘The Allegory of the Cave’, Plato uses a philosophical situation to help us as the reader to examine our perception of life by what is around us. Plato uses such an abstract situation to show that we can mistake the information that we gain due to our position in a situation for truth. In Plato’s allegory, he begins with a set of three people, prisoners of the cave that have never seen anything other than what the cave and their binding allows. â€Å"The prisoners are tied to some rocks, their arms and legs bound and their head is tied so that they cannot look at anything but the stonewall in front of them† (The Simile of the Cave. Republic, 1974). What they are able to see is shadows of a fire and those people or animals- free to the†¦show more content†¦His body isn’t ready for the direct sunlight and his mind cannot comprehend the world in comparison to what he felt he knew. In time, the man is able to see that all of the previously â€Å"known† information he had was completely false but also that he must start a different journey in order to find himself as the way of life he was previously use to, in which guessing was the way of judging knowledge, is ineffective and useless to him now. Finally, the prisoner returns to the cave with a new base of knowledge. He tried to share this information with his fellow prisoners but after hearing about his travels and that they were in fact wrong the prisoned men said to him that â€Å"up he went and down he came without eyes, and that it was better to not even think of ascending† (The Simile of the Cave. Republic, 1974) . He is then met with resistance in offering them help and freedom from their binds. They threaten â€Å"if anyone tried to loose another and lead him up to the light, let them only catch the offender and put him to death†, it is as if they feel that his â€Å"loss of sight† is death to them and they are perfectly happy with the information that they know to be true (The Simile of the Cave. Republic, 1974) . As a student, we all have situational trials. When I initially went back to Kaplan for my Medical assistant degree I was also a stay at home mother of two small children. I didn’t get out much and socially was dra wn back as a majority of my

The Second Amendment Of The United States Reads, “A Well

The second amendment of the United States reads, â€Å"a well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (Constitution). This has started a huge debate on whether or not this should be true. On one hand people believe that â€Å"the right of the people to keep and bear Arms make an individual right in constitution. Under this theory the United States Constitution restricts legislative bodies from prohibiting firearm possession, or at the very least, the Amendment renders prohibitory and restrictive regulation presumptively unconstitutional. Gun control is considered unconstitutional by many American citizens, as it should be. Gun control is laws or†¦show more content†¦Just because there is a sign outside the door of the establishment does not mean a criminal is not going to come in and commit a crime or shoot the entire place up. Take the Aurora Colorado shooting for examp le, it was one of thousands of gun crimes that occur each year. Christian Goins a CNS news reporter, reported that four percent of the population in Colorado has conceal carry permits, but no one who had a conceal carry permit had their gun with them that night in Aurora because it was a gun free zone. That did not seem to deter the murderer the night of the shooting. People seem to think that gun control is the answer to everything, but is it really? If a family was being threatened by an intruder in their home for example, would they feel safer with a gun free zone sign or a gun? Lily Dane found that most families would want a gun even if they are for gun control, that is the method they would feel safer with considering the average response time for an emergency vehicle is more than ten minutes. In most cases according to CNS news all multiple victim shootings or public shootings occur where there is a gun free zone sign in front of the establishment. So what is the point in put ting up the signs if people are just going to break the rules? People might as well be able to conceal and carry in any type of establishment. One way to stop a bad guy with a gun is to beShow MoreRelatedInterpreting The 5th Amendment And The Rights Of A Free State, The Right Of The People1484 Words   |  6 PagesInterpreting the 2nd Amendment and how to define â€Å"A well regulated Militia Being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.† Has been a constant battle between the courts and Citizens for years starting with United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939) In US VS. Miller the defendant Jack Miller and Frank Layton were accused of Knowingly, and Willfully transporting firearms over state borders without proper Documentation. Read MoreHow Of The Second Amendment1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Second Amendment The Constitution was signed on September 17, 1789. The federalists declared that the Constitution granted the new government limited powers. Anti-federalists, such as George Mason, sought after a stronger confirmation from the federal government that certain rights would not be encroached upon. After just recently breaking away from Great Britain, it is understandable that the Founding Fathers feared the rise of another domineering government. Mason wrote, â€Å"A well regulatedRead MoreAmerican System Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pages1. The United States is a country built from compromises, and as such the Government continues to follow the same trend of compromises, or so it should. But lately, the system seems to have changed, compromise is no longer the founding of the system, and as such, not much seems to be getting done. 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The Second Amendment States: â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.† AsRead MoreSocial Issues Of Gun Control1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of guns is one of the most prominent social problems in the United States, and every time after the shooting incident, the voice of gun control became to rise and the debate of banning guns emerge again. What People can do is only to offer their condolences, griefs and protests for gun violence, and stand for moments of silence. People still don’t have any law of gun control in return even if in the face of these bloody statistics. Because this issue is not just a simple social problem

NTUC Fair Price Co-Operative -Click Now To Get Solution

Question: Describe about the NTUC FairPrice Co-Operative? Answer: Background: NTUC FairPrice Co-Operativeactually is a chain of supermarkets in Singapore also is largest in nation. The firm is in reality a co-operative of National Trades Union Congress otherwise NTUC. This group has some about 100 supermarkets all across island, with above 50 outlets of the Cheers convenience stores island-wide.NTUC FairPrice also has partnered along with the ExxonMobil towards running many stations along with the FairPrice branding at minimarts at all their stations. This supermarket has the slogan known like Singapore's very own. The NTUC FairPrice actually was established in the year 1973. Around same time, some other unions like Singapore Industrial Labour Organisation plus the Pioneer Industries Employees Union even were set up by the co-operatives to properly run the supermarkets. These two firms later merged within early 1980s towards forming Singapore Employees Co-operative (SEC) (Fairprice.com.sg, 2015). Organisation structure: The actual structure, activities as well as remit of the governance at the FairPrice also aligns to guidance that is set out within Code of the Corporate Governance which was published in the year 2005. At the FairPrice, most senior board within firm is FairPrice Board of Directors, which is lead by Mr Bobby Chin, who is a non-executive. Actually the role of Chairman is all related to providing appropriate leadership as well as guidance at the time of Board discussions, as well as to make sure that the deliberations are fairly and objectively as well as independently conducted (Ashkenas, 1995). FairPrice Board actually comprises of some 12 non-executive participants, and three of these members are women. Also eleven members of Board actually are Chinese, plus one is Malay. This Board meets, very less number off times i.e. once in 3 months as well as has a quantity of main responsibilities. The fundamental responsibility as well as functions of Board is all about overseeing the work as well as performance of Management set. It even evaluates, approves as well as monitors some onward looking plans as well as budgets. Additionally, responsibilities plus tasks like determining remuneration policy as well as auditing the corporate accounts also are delegated to several Board Committees (Cavanaugh, 1977). Source: (Fairprice.com.sg, 2015) Mechanistic structure Arising issues of the public health as well as wellness mean that the customers' information and data needs are larger than what is was ever before plus as some food retailer, populace looks at the firm for proper guidance. This is the reason why FairPrice has always ensured that major portion of the house brand products of food have extra nutritional labeling towards helping the shoppers in making extra informed buying decisions (CHEW, 2014). Additionally, FairPrice also has undertaken some program related to the reformulating of the house brand goods towards eliminating the trans-fats, which is major contributor towards heart disease as well as other health situations. So far the firm has above 170 house brand goods that are also trans-fat gratis and in the year 2007 the firm also was seen among frontrunners within developing the 'trans-fat free' labeled towards continually enhancing information that the firm supplies to its customers. Though a nutritional data and information label is merely mandatory upon the products that also helps in making some specific health state, the firm has taken the decision about inclusion of the nutritional values which also is very useful for its customers as well as, they are currently on majority of the house brand goods sold by FairPrice (Dalton Lawrence, 1970). This firm also works along with its suppliers extra broadly to make sure that all the nutritional claims upon their goods are properly approved by significant authorities as well as are never being misleading by the consumers who also seek to take healthy decisions and make god choices. Fairprice always ensures that all its products are exclusively packed and properly labeled as well as appropriately set up in the store as it believes that people must get all the information they need before taking any purchase decision (Goldner Meyer, 1981). Moreover, in several professional situations occurring inside the firm workers also get benefit from the mechanistic structure. This Mechanistic structure of the firm is highly organized as well as is very clearly set out, this makes it easy for the workers to understand their task and perform better in the task. Such a clear and smooth understanding makes it possible for the firm to attain its objectives and gain extra profit.This structure is of utmost use for the firm and also helps all its workers (Martin, 1984). Source: (Jaiswal, 2008) Advantages of the mechanistic structure: Because of the hierarchy that exists in the firms mechanistic structure, this structure is vertically oriented. Most mechanistic in case of Fairprice is functional structure of the organization, along with all its tall and very keen triangular shape. Several workers form this structures foundation, clustered into several departments by same actions and activities like production, making, marketing etc. All above this sits the managers. When every employee barely specializes within some limited portion of the larger whole, single manager could easily supervise several employees as well as has a very wide width of control. This span of the control gets lesser when people move up in the organization, which is a place where the managers manage some other managers. Here central power of firm crowns all (Neuenschwander, 2014). The major benefits of the mechanistic structure depend upon atmosphere as well as goals of workplace within which model actually implemented. In Fairprice the model is actually in accordance with the contingency theory that upholds that exist no universal model towards optimizing the production as well as relations in any of the work environment. Moreover, in the professional situations taking place in the firm workers also get extra benefit from the mechanistic structure. In the Fairprice the Mechanistic structure is highly organized as well as is very appropriately laid out. This mechanistic structure has several advantages: Workers are well organized People know and understand their job and particular task properly Firm can attain better results through managing the staffs properly via this structure The firm moves in extra organized manner and makes extra profit (Ogidi, 2013) Disadvantages of the mechanistic structure: As this mechanistic structure in the firm has gained widespread as well as prolonged use, there are some disadvantages seen and some drawbacks also were found in the structure. The mechanization has allowed for proper productivity, economy as well as efficiency but these thing also brings in several problems. Extra production can at times lead to stock and stocks may be a waste if not consumed on time ('Spotlight on Singapore', 2008). The firms structures intrinsic bureaucracy also hampers efforts towards quickly responding to the outside market elements. Innovation also has to actually wait on the red tape in the structure. Also rigid control as well as job specialization even refers that the staffs are actually not free and cannot be creative and innovative and also are poor problem-solvers. This limits the role of the staffs in the firm. As mere cogs, employees morale may be low. Finally, grouping the staffs by the function even contributes towards the departmental isolation (TAN, 2014). How Design challenges actually results in the Mechanistic structures Mechanistic structures actually are those which resemble some bureaucracy. In reality these structures also are greatly formalized as well as centralized. Communication even tends towards following some proper formal channels as well as employees are even given very specific job metaphors delineating all of their roles as well as responsibilities. Any fir which is a Mechanistic organization also is very rigid as well as resists change, and also makes them inappropriate for the innovativeness plus taking any quick action. The design change can also be managed properly through this structure (The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2015). These types have downside of the inhibiting entrepreneurial activity and also discouraging use of the individual initiative upon part of the employees. Not merely do the mechanistic structures in the Fairprice Singapore have their disadvantages for the innovativeness, yet they even limit autonomy of people and also the self-determination, tha t will probably lead to some lower phases of the intrinsic motivation upon job. In spite of all these downsides, nevertheless, mechanistic structures in the Fairprice also carry many advantages when environment is extra stable. Thus, when the firm that tries to maximize the efficiency plus minimize the costs, this structures supplies advantages (Tiessen Waterhouse, 2015). For instance, Fairprice has a notably bureaucratic structure in which the staffs jobs are greatly formalized, along with very clear communication processes and also specific job metaphors. Such structure is the proper advantage for the firm as it permits McDonalds towards production of a uniform good all through its operating outlets. These Mechanistic structures of the firm were even be advantageous while the firm was new. Being new the businesses suffered from the lack of the structure and also proper role ambiguity, as well as uncertainty. And presence of the mechanistic structure also has been demonstrated to be actually related to the firms performance in the new ventures (Tosi, Aldag Storey, 1973) Findings of the Lawrence Lorsch: Lawrence Lorsch have developed theory of open systems of the way in which organizations as well as sub-units of the organization adapt to the best meet demands of all of their immediate ecology (Lawrence Lorsch, 1967). They also used the interview data through executives within the six chemical dispensation firms to support following propositions: 1. Organizations should balance the differentiation as well as integration which is to be very successful. All such firms like Fairprice who properly manage towards achievement of high differentiation among the sub-unit and still uphold high integration amid the sub-units also appear to be the best equipped towards adapting the ecological changes (Hall, Lawrence Lorsch, 1968). 2. Groups which are organized towards performing simpler and extra certain jobs like production groups generally have extra formal structure as compared to groups that focus upon extra uncertain jobs like research as well as development. 3. The proper time direction of the sub-groups also is first and foremost dependent upon immediacy of the feedback from all of their actions. Therefore sales as well as production clusters also have less time orientations as compared to the RD (Kirboe, 2008). Relationship amid uncertainty plus organizational structure Organization theorists actually have frequently found the potential effect of the environmental uncertainty upon the firms and also population ecologists even have asserted that ecology ultimately determines the firms survival. On other hand, there exist beliefs that the organizations can also design themselves towards countering impact of the ecological uncertainty. If the ecology goes negative the structure will be hampered and vice versa. An ecology of less uncertainty also exhibits some table conditions like less variable consumer demands, fewer fundamental technological innovations, as well as less competition among competitors, that also puts fewer pressure upon the organizations data processing ability . Also an ecology of very high uncertainty even features diverse as well as unstable situation like variable demands of the customer, radical technological improvement, and also fierce rivalries all among the competitors (Tsirtsis Spatharis, 2011) Source: (Tiessen Waterhouse, 2015) Source: (The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2015) Source: (Tosi, Aldag Storey, 1973) Recommendation: To properly survive, the firm must make very sound judgment about their surroundings as well as avoid any of the costly errors. Since there are several characteristics of environment, single fundamental dimension which can also affect the path of organizations respond needs to be considered by Fairprice . The firm must properly look after its structure and handle changes appropriately. Fairprice needs to handle all its operations and also must avoid any future problems regarding the structure or the performance of the staffs. Warehouse and also distribution Manpower must be maintained properly number of the Goods Delivery coves must be optimized as well as Warehouse and distribution space within the land scarce in the Singapore must also be considered and appropriate actions are to be taken. Consclusion: Though NTUC Fairprice is a firm delivering superior values and better goods it needs to improve on several parts and also needs to review some parts of its structure and amend the drawbacks that exist in the structure. The vital advantage of the mechanistic structure also is its proper efficiency. In a nutshell here are all the facts and details regarding NTUC Fairprice Singapore and its structures. References Ashkenas, R. (1995). The boundaryless organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Cavanaugh, J. (1977). Organizational structure. [University Park, Pa.]: Pennsylvania State University. CHEW, S. (2014). IMPACT OF TRADE UNIONS ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF SINGAPORE. Singapore Econ. Rev., 59(04), 1450035. doi:10.1142/s0217590814500350 Dalton, G., Lawrence, P. (1970). Organizational structure and design. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. Fairprice.com.sg,. (2015). Welcome to Fairprice. Retrieved 8 February 2015, from https://www.fairprice.com.sg/ Goldner, F., Meyer, M. (1981). Organizational Process vs. Structure. Contemporary Sociology, 10(1), 77. doi:10.2307/2067807 Hall, R., Lawrence, P., Lorsch, J. (1968). Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration. Administrative Science Quarterly, 13(1), 180. doi:10.2307/2391270 Jaiswal, A. (2008). Skyline of Singapore in Night, Singapore. Spine, 33(22), i. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000338604.11462.2c Kirboe, T. (2008). A mechanistic approach to plankton ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lawrence, P., Lorsch, J. (1967). Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1), 1. doi:10.2307/2391211 Martin, L. (1984). Organizational structure of libraries. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. Neuenschwander, D. (2014). Resource Letter NTUC-1: Noether's Theorem in the Undergraduate Curriculum. American Journal Of Physics, 82(3), 183-188. doi:10.1119/1.4848215 Ogidi, O. (2013). Structural Dimensions and Functions of Structure Influencing Agribusiness Enterprises: Mechanistic Vs Organic Systems Approach. IOSR Journal Of Business And Management, 6(6), 1-8. doi:10.9790/487x-0660108 Spotlight on Singapore. (2008). Njobs. doi:10.1038/nj0233 TAN, G. (2014). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS IN SINGAPORE: 19912012. Singapore Econ. Rev., 59(03), 1450022. doi:10.1142/s0217590814500222 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,. (2015). The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -. Retrieved 8 February 2015, from https://www.unc.edu/ Tiessen, Waterhouse,. (2015). Towards a descriptive theory of management accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society. Retrieved from https://maaw.info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumTiessenWaterhouse83.htm Tosi, H., Aldag, R., Storey, R. (1973). On the Measurement of the Environment: An Assessment of the Lawrence and Lorsch Environmental Uncertainty Subscale. Administrative Science Quarterly, 18(1), 27. doi:10.2307/2391925 Tsirtsis, G., Spatharis, S. (2011). Simulating the structure of natural phytoplankton assemblages: Descriptive vs. mechanistic models. Ecological Modelling, 222(12), 1922-1928. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.029

Much Ado About Nothing Research Paper free essay sample

1In one of his most famous plays, Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare conveys his idea that a person must be wary of others attempting to manipulate his life through the use of duplicity. Although this trickery is sometimes used to assist a person to realize something that he normally would not, it is also used to try to ruin a person’s life. Shakespeare’s clever development of his theme begins with the title. â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† seems to express the idea that the characters in the play exaggerated the seriousness of their situation. However, it must be remembered that this play was written in the late sixteenth century. The word â€Å"nothing† was pronounced the same way as â€Å"noting. † â€Å"Noting† meant to take notice of something; to hear, observe, eavesdrop† (Squires). In the play, eavesdropping led to incorrect ideas and avoidable problems. Had people decided to confirm their hypotheses with evidence more valid than hearing a fragment of a conversation, they would have realized that they were truly creating avertable problems about nothing. Shakespeare used this cunning pun to establish that, by ensuring the legitimacy of something before believing it, a person can prevent much dilemma. The play explores the relationships of two pairs of lovers. The first, Benedick and Beatrice, begin the play in a sort of â€Å"merry war. † It becomes evident in Act I that they had known each other before he went away for battle. Beatrice flaunts her wittiness before Benedick enters the stage. She asks the messenger a peculiar question. â€Å"How many hath he killed and eaten in these wars? But how many hath he killed? For indeed, I promised to eat all of his killing† (Shakespeare, I,i,10). Of course, Beatrice did not plan to engage in cannibalism. According to (Harlan), â€Å"the suggestion here s that Beatrice is in no danger of having to commit cannibalism because she is sure Benedick is incapable of performing as a soldier, that he is a coward. † She was merely implying that she knew that Benedick could not kill another soldier. When the messenger defended him, Beatrice continued to mock him, intentionally interpreting his responses incorrectly to insult hi m. Before Benedick enters the stage, she insults his courage, his integrity, his intelligence, and his gentlemanliness (Harlan). Beatrice’s witty retorts contribute to her bold and clever characterization. Benedick matches Beatrice’s wit when he enters the scene. Their exchanges at the beginning of the play add a playful atmosphere to the act. While they are both young and unattached to a romantic partner, it becomes clear that neither desires a marital bind. Benedick expresses that he loves women; he loves his mother for birthing him and for raising him. However, he will never marry, for he will never romantically love a woman. Similarly, Beatrice states that â€Å"I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a man swear he loves me† (Shakespeare I,i,125). Based on their incontestably similar characterizations and their lighthearted banter, the reader can predict that a relationship will bloom between the two throughout the play. Some scholars believe that Beatrice and Benedick inwardly loved each other at the beginning of the play (Cummings), while others feel that they did not realize their love for one another until they thought that the love was requited (Harlan). Hero and Claudio are a young couple. Shakespeare references Claudio’s age multiple times throughout. Upon their return from battle, the messenger praises him: â€Å"He hath borne himself beyond the promise of his age, doing, in the figure of a lamb, the feats of a lion† (Shakespeare I,ii,13). Although Claudio is just a young man, his courage surpasses his age. However, being young and gullible, he allows his naivete to destroy his relationship later in the play. Hero, being a female in a time that women had few rights, was very compliant. She did not seem to carry the same bold atmosphere that her cousin, Beatrice, did. Instead, she mostly does what she is told to do and does not question anyone’s motives. Even when she was accused of infidelity during her wedding, Hero did not defend herself enough to make the spectators question whether Claudio could be wrong in his accusations. She also did not question the friar’s plan to fake her own death. At the end of the play, Hero willingly accepts Claudio’s second marriage proposal without requesting a further apology. Her characterization reflects the expectation of women during the time period (Harlan). She is juxtaposed to Beatrice, who is bold and rather impudent. The men in the play are ostensibly quite concerned with infidelity. When Don Pedro asked if Hero was Leonato’s daughter, he replied, â€Å"Her mother hath many times told me so. † Being the malapert character that he is, Benedick remarked, â€Å"Were you in doubt, sir, that you asked her? † Leonato quickly retorted, â€Å"Signior Benedick, no, for then you were a child. † (Shakespeare II,i,100-105). While this exchange was lighthearted in manner, it undoubtedly revealed their consciousness of unfaithfulness (Harlan). Although they might not have thought it of their own wives, they were certainly aware that women were capable of infidelity. In this play, Shakespeare often references folklore about cuckoldry, or a wife’s unfaithfulness to her husband. According to this myth, when a wife practiced adultery against her husband, the man would grow a pair of horns that were visible to everyone except for himself. Therefore, the townspeople would laugh at him, but he would not be aware of his wife’s sin (Harlan). Naturally, men were very afraid of being publicly humiliated in this way. This insecurity ultimately contributed to Claudio’s eruption at his wedding. Because the men were already wary of possible infidelity, it would not take much to convince them that their wives were unfaithful. Don John realized the opportunity to create trouble. He was characterized as a rather melancholic character, claiming that â€Å"I cannot hide what I am. I must be sad when I have cause, and smile at no man’s jests† (Shakespeare I,iii,13). The fact that Don John is the evil character in this play is not surprising, as the illegitimate son or daughter acting as the antagonist is banal in Shakespeare’s plays. He is known to be evil and is being watched to ensure hat he does not attempt to cause trouble in the kingdom. However, he manages to create a considerable mess. Don John has a talent of manipulating events in his favor. He ensured that Claudio would pass by Hero’s window when Borachio pretended to be having an affair with Hero. He knew that Claudio’s gullibility would cause him to accept that Hero was unfaithful wit hout considering any alternatives. The situation would have been avoided if Claudio had not been so rash in his accusations. After Claudio’s outburst at the wedding, the friar convinced Hero to fake her own death until she could prove herself innocent. This deception was followed by additional dishonesty after Don John’s plot was uncovered, when Leonato punished Claudio. Allowing him to continue to believe that Hero was dead, Leanato had Claudio write an epitaph to put on Hero’s gravesite. He was then to marry her cousin. It was not until the wedding ceremony that Claudio discovered that hero was still alive. Apparently unfazed by the fact that she had not died, he was overjoyed to marry her. During this rather serious occurrence, romantic feelings between Benedick and Beatrice begin to unfold. Because the characters cannot seem to avoid activity for the week before the wedding, they decide that they must help Benedick and Beatrice realize their affection for one another. The men, while they know Benedick is listening, fabricate a story about Beatrice’s concealed love for Benedick. The women do the same to Beatrice. Hearing this, they both decide that they can happily love the other. Both Beatrice and Benedick experience transformations: they seem to lose their wittiness. This symbolized their realizing their affection for each other (Harlan). It is noticeably replaced by confusion and affection. Both seem worried about their friends making quips about their marriage after they swore against it, but they still admit their love to one another. Beatrice decides that there is one way that Benedick can prove his love: by killing Claudio to honor her cousin. Benedick primarily refuses, but then agrees to challenge Claudio to a duel. This symbolizes his complete love for Beatrice (Harlan). By challenging Claudio to a duel, he is proving that he would kill his best friend for Beatrice’s hand in marriage. Benedick is established as a coward in Act I by Beatrice. Although this may have been part of her display against him, it is certainly true that he could not kill anyone in battle. However, Claudio showed the courage of a lion. Benedick knew that Claudio would be difficult to defeat, but he was willing to risk losing the battle for Beatrice. By the last act, it was unveiled that there was a scheme to have Benedick and Beatrice fall in love. Primarily, they pretended that they never actually loved each other. However, Claudio and Hero found notes that the two had written, confessing their affection. Therefore, the plan had worked and Benedick and Beatrice married. Throughout the play, the characters used deception to augment each other’s lives. Benedick and Beatrice would not have realized their true feelings for one another had they not been tricked into thinking that the other had requited feelings. Claudio would not have felt as sorry for his accusations if he did not think that Hero died. However, trickery also almost ruined a relationship. Therefore, people should be conscious of deception and should refrain from assuming things until they have adequate proof. ?